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Behavior of Natural Estrogens in Activated Sludge: Biodegradation in Semicontinuous Reactor under Aerobic, Anaerobic and Sequential Anaerobic/Aerobic Conditions
Reni Desmiarti1,2 & Fusheng Li3
1Department of Chemical Engineering, Bung Hatta University,
Jalan Olo Nanggalo No. 19 Padang 25137, Indonesia
2Environmental Research Center, Bung Hatta University,
Jalan Olo Nanggalo No. 19 Padang 25137, Indonesia
3River Basin Research Center, Gifu University
1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
E-mail: desmiarti@yahoo.com
Abstract. The behavior of natural estrogens was examined by separately spiking 17β-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) into semicontinuous activated sludge reactors operated under aerobic, anaerobic and sequential anaerobic/aerobic conditions. Under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, E1 was formed from E2. The conversion of E1 to E2 was did not occur under aerobic conditions. The maximum conversion of E2 to E1 was higher than the maximum conversion of E1 to E2. Overall, the degradation rate of E2 (kE2) was much faster than that of E1 (kE1). The findings suggest that E1 is probably more persistent than E2 in effluent of sewage treatment plants.
Keywords: activated sludge; biodegradation; estrogens; estradiol; estrone.
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